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Qatar
Qatar Media
Introduction
Geography
People
Government
Economy
Communications
Transportation
Military
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Background:
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Ruled by the al-Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar
transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted
mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant
oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early
1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous
siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir, who had ruled
the country since 1972. His son, the current Amir HAMAD bin
Khalifa al-Thani, overthrew him in a bloodless coup in 1995.
In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with
both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues
enable Qatar to have one of the highest per capita incomes in
the world.
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Location:
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Middle East, peninsula bordering the Arabian Gulf and Saudi
Arabia |
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Geographic coordinates:
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25 30 N, 51 15 E |
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Area:
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total: 11,437 sq km
land: 11,437 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Connecticut |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 60 km
border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km |
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Coastline:
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563 km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral
agreements or the median line |
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Climate:
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arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |
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Terrain:
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mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and
gravel |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Arabian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m |
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural gas, fish |
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Land use:
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arable land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 0.27%
other: 98.09% (2005) |
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Irrigated land:
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130 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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haze, dust storms, sandstorms common |
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Environment - current issues:
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limited natural fresh water resources are increasing
dependence on large-scale desalination facilities |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected
agreements |
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Geography - note:
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strategic location in central Arabian Gulf near major
petroleum deposits
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Population:
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885,359 (July 2006 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 23.4% (male 105,546/female 101,371)
15-64 years: 73% (male 446,779/female 199,133)
65 years and over: 3.7% (male 24,059/female 8,471)
(2006 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 31.7 years
male: 37.1 years
female: 22.7 years (2006 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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2.5% (2006 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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15.56 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
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Death rate:
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4.72 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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14.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 2.24 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 2.84 male(s)/female
total population: 1.87 male(s)/female (2006 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 18.04 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 73.9 years
male: 71.37 years
female: 76.57 years (2006 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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2.81 children born/woman (2006 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Qatari(s)
adjective: Qatari |
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Ethnic groups:
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Arab 40%, Indian 18%, Pakistani 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14% |
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Religions:
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Muslim 95% |
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Languages:
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Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 89%
male: 89.1%
female: 88.6% (2004 est.)
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Country name:
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conventional long form: State of Qatar
conventional short form: Qatar
local long form: Dawlat Qatar
local short form: Qatar
note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation
falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar |
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Government type:
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traditional monarchy |
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Capital:
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Doha |
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Administrative divisions:
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10 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah,
Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan,
Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Sa'id, Umm Salal |
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Independence:
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3 September 1971 (from UK) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 3 September (1971) |
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Constitution:
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ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by
the amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005 |
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Legal system:
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discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although
civil codes are being implemented; Shari'a law dominates
family and personal matters |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa al-Thani (since
27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir
KHALIFA bin Hamad al-Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince
TAMIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, third son of the monarch
(selected Heir Apparent by the monarch on 5 August 2003); note
- Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of Minister of Defense
and Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces
head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa
al-Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996);
Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa al-Thani, brother
of the monarch (since 20 January 1998); First Deputy Prime
Minister HAMAD bin Jasim bin Jabir al-Thani (since 16
September 2003, also Foreign Minister since 1992); Second
Deputy Prime Minister Abdallah bin Hamad al-ATTIYAH (since 16
September 2003, also Energy Minister since 1992)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
note: in April 2003, Qatar held nationwide elections
for a 29-member Central Municipal Council (CMC), which has
consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of
municipal services; the first election for the CMC was held in
March 1999 |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats;
members appointed)
note: no legislative elections have been held since
1970 when there were partial elections to the body; Council
members have had their terms extended every four years since;
the new constitution, which came into force on 9 June 2005,
provides for a 45-member Consultative Council, or Majlis al-Shura;
the public would elect two-thirds of the Majlis al-Shura; the
amir would appoint the remaining members; preparations are
underway to conduct elections to the Majlis al-Shura in early
2007 |
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Judicial branch:
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Court of Appeal
note: under a judiciary law issued in 2003, the former
two court systems, civil and Islamic law, were merged under a
higher court, the Court of Cassation, established for appeals |
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Political parties and leaders:
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none |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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none |
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International organization participation:
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ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM,
IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS,
MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UN
Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
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Flag description:
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maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on
the hoist side
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Economy - overview:
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Oil and gas account for more than 60% of GDP, roughly 85% of
export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas
have given Qatar a per capita GDP about 80% of that of the
leading West European industrial countries. Proved oil
reserves of 16 billion barrels should ensure continued output
at current levels for 23 years. Qatar's proved reserves of
natural gas exceed 25 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of
the world total and third largest in the world. Qatar has
permitted substantial foreign investment in the development of
its gas fields during the last decade and is expected to
become the world's top liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter by
2007. In recent years, Qatar has consistently posted trade
surpluses largely because of high oil prices and increased
natural gas exports, becoming one of the world's fastest
growing and highest per-capita income countries. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$22.51 billion (2005 est.) |
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$29.44 billion (2005 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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8.8% (2005 est.) |
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$26,100 (2005 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 0.2%
industry: 81%
services: 18.8% (2005 est.) |
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Labor force:
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440,000 (2005 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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2.7% (2001) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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7.8% (2005 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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20.9% of GDP (2005 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $17.31 billion
expenditures: $11.31 billion; including capital
expenditures of $2.2 billion (2005 est.) |
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Public debt:
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36.7% of GDP (2005 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish |
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Industries:
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crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers,
petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial
ship repair |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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10% (2003 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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9.735 billion kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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9.053 billion kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2003) |
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Oil - production:
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790,500 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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33,000 bbl/day (2003 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA bbl/day |
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Oil - imports:
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NA bbl/day |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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16 billion bbl (2005 est.) |
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Natural gas - production:
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30.8 billion cu m (2003 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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11.61 billion cu m (2003 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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18.2 billion cu m (2004 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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25.77 trillion cu m (2005) |
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Current account balance:
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$10.53 billion (2005 est.) |
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Exports:
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$24.9 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers,
steel |
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Exports - partners:
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Japan 41.9%, South Korea 15.8%, Singapore 9.1%, India 5.4%
(2004) |
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Imports:
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$6.706 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals |
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Imports - partners:
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France 26.6%, US 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 6.3%, Germany
5.2%, Japan 5.2%, UK 5.1% (2004) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$4.754 billion (2005 est.) |
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Debt - external:
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$20.63 billion (2005 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$NA |
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Currency (code):
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Qatari rial (QAR) |
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Exchange rates:
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Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.64 (2005), 3.64 (2004), 3.64
(2003), 3.64 (2002), 3.64 (2001) |
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Fiscal year:
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1 April - 31 March
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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190,900 (2004) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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490,300 (2004) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: modern system centered in Doha
domestic: NA
international: country code - 974; tropospheric scatter
to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE;
submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations -
2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (plus three repeaters) (2001) |
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Internet country code:
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.qa |
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Internet hosts:
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204 (2005) |
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Internet users:
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165,000 (2005)
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Airports:
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5 (2005) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 3
over 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2005) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2005) |
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Heliports:
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1 (2005) |
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Pipelines:
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condensate 319 km; condensate/gas 209 km; gas 1,024 km; liquid
petroleum gas 87 km; oil 702 km; oil/gas/water 41 km (2004) |
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Roadways:
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total: 1,230 km
paved: 1,107 km
unpaved: 123 km (1999) |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 21 ships (1000 GRT or over) 579,533 GRT/852,015
DWT
by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, container 8,
liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 8 (Kuwait 7, UAE 1) (2005) |
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Ports and terminals:
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Doha
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Military branches:
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Qatari Amiri Land Force (QALF), Qatari Amiri Navy (QAN),
Qatari Amiri Air Force (QAAF) |
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Military service age and obligation:
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18 years of age for voluntary military service; land forces
enlisted personnel are largely unprofessional foreign
nationals (2005) |
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Manpower available for military service:
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males age 18-49: 302,873
females age 18-49: 137,856 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males age 18-49: 238,566
females age 18-49: 116,595 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower reaching military service age annually:
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males age 18-49: 7,851
females age 18-49: 7,040 (2005 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$723 million (FY00) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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10% (FY00)
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